Are you in or out? Recruitment of adolescent smokers into a behavioral smoking cessation intervention.

IntroductionEven though many adolescent smokers want to quit, it is difficult to recruit them into smoking cessation interventions. Little is known about which adolescent smokers are currently reached by these measures. In this study we compare participants of a group-based, cognitive behavioral smoking cessation intervention with adolescent smokers who decided against participating.MethodsWithin a non-randomized controlled trial, data of 1053 smokers (aged 11-19) from 42 German secondary schools were analyzed. Of these smokers, 272 were recruited into 47 courses of the intervention. An in-class information session, individually addressing potential participants, and incentives were used as means of recruitment. Personal predictors of participation were analyzed using regression analyses and multivariate path analyses to test for mediation.ResultsIn the path analysis model, nicotine dependence, quit motivation, and a previous quit attempt were directly positively related to participation. Heavier smoking behavior was indirectly positively associated with participation through nicotine dependence and negatively through quit motivation, yielding an overall positive indirect effect. The positive effect of a previous quit attempt on participation was partially mediated through nicotine dependence and quit motivation. The proportion of smoking friends were indirectly positively related to participation, mediated through nicotine dependence.ConclusionsSince adolescents with heavier smoking behavior and stronger nicotine dependence are less likely to undertake a successful unassisted quit attempt, the reach of these young smokers with professional cessation interventions is desirable. Further measures to improve the recruitment of those currently not motivated to quit have to be examined in future studies

Are you in or out? Recruitment of adolescent smokers into a behavioral smoking cessation intervention.

IntroductionEven though many adolescent smokers want to quit, it is difficult to recruit them into smoking cessation interventions. Little is known about which adolescent smokers are currently reached by these measures. In this study we compare participants of a group-based, cognitive behavioral smoking cessation intervention with adolescent smokers who decided against participating.MethodsWithin a non-randomized controlled trial, data of 1053 smokers (aged 11-19) from 42 German secondary schools were analyzed. Of these smokers, 272 were recruited into 47 courses of the intervention. An in-class information session, individually addressing potential participants, and incentives were used as means of recruitment. Personal predictors of participation were analyzed using regression analyses and multivariate path analyses to test for mediation.ResultsIn the path analysis model, nicotine dependence, quit motivation, and a previous quit attempt were directly positively related to participation. Heavier smoking behavior was indirectly positively associated with participation through nicotine dependence and negatively through quit motivation, yielding an overall positive indirect effect. The positive effect of a previous quit attempt on participation was partially mediated through nicotine dependence and quit motivation. The proportion of smoking friends were indirectly positively related to participation, mediated through nicotine dependence.ConclusionsSince adolescents with heavier smoking behavior and stronger nicotine dependence are less likely to undertake a successful unassisted quit attempt, the reach of these young smokers with professional cessation interventions is desirable. Further measures to improve the recruitment of those currently not motivated to quit have to be examined in future studies

Simultaneous determination of glutathione, glutathione disulphide, paracetamol and its sulphur containing metabolites using HPLC and electrochemical detection with on-line generated bromine

A Viability of hMSC of all sources during a 7-day follow-up period during early passages (passages 3–5) in culture (results expressed as arbitrary units of normalized fluorescence). Black depicts CV-MSC (n = 3), dark gray UC-MSC (n = 3), medium gray AT-MSC (n = 3), and light gray BM-MSC (n = 3). B Histograms for CV-MSC in passage 9 (n = 3) and UC-MSC in passage 4 (n = 3) stained for β-galactosidase assessed by flow cytometry. C Visualization of collagen contraction potential by CV-MSC (i), BM-MSC (ii), UC-MSC (iii), and AT-MSC (iv). All donors shown. Scale = 1 cm. D Immunofluorescence of early passaged BM-MSC (i, iv), UC-MSC (ii–v), and AT-MSC (iii, vi) stained for SM22α (i–iii) and α-SMA (iv–vi). Scale = 50 μm. All conditions n ≥ 3. (JPG 63 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Comprehensive characterization of chorionic villi-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from human placenta

A Bright-field microscopy images of cultured UC-MSC in passage 3 (i) and AT-MSC in passage 24 (ii). Scale = 500 μm. B Visualization of calcium deposits after Alizarin Red stain (i–iii, scale = 500 μm), proteogyclans after Toluin Blue stain (iv–vi, scale = 1 mm), and lipid droplets after Oil Red O stain (vii–ix, scale = 100 μm) of differentiated AT-MSC (i, iv, vii), BM-MSC (ii, v, viii), and UC-MSC (iii, vi, ix) all in passage 3. (JPG 86 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S3. of Comprehensive characterization of chorionic villi-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from human placenta

A Difference between predicted and chronological MSC donor age (years) after EAS: CV-MSC 37.75 ± 5.43 years (n = 4), BM-MSC –16.00 ± 10.06 years (n = 4), UC-MSC 25.50 ± 1.84 years (n = 4), AT-MSC 17.00 ± 5.00 (n = 2), from passage 2 to passage 5 (**p < 0.005). B Difference between predicted and chronological MSC donor age (years) after EAS: CV-MSC 29.25 ± 4.46 years (n = 4), BM-MSC –26.40 ± 10.52 years (n = 5), AT-MSC 32.80 ± 9.65 (n = 5), from passage 6 to passage 15 (**p < 0.005). It was not possible to keep UC-MSC until late passages. C Predicted age (years) versus passage number EAS: one representative donor shown for CV-MSC (black), UC-MSC (dark gray), AT-MSC (medium gray), and BM-MSC (light gray). (JPG 33 kb